Evaluation of the Company's Strategy Coursework - 2

Assessment of the Company's Strategy - Coursework Example The all around associated advanced world has become the origin of different patterns of globalization, which has kept on rising up out of different created just as developing markets. Due to the procedure of globalization, requests for new items and administrations are being framed in the business sectors everywhere throughout the world. The requests of new sorts of items and administrations in the worldwide markets are bringing about the age of different business openings. Organizations around the globe are progressively moving to the new markets to tap the new business openings and along these lines go to huge development in their business. This specific task centers around Tesco which is the significant retailer in the UK showcase. The task talks about the assessment of the system of Tesco in the current occasions, from the edge of maintainability. Presentation The rise and fast advancement of innovation has gotten a significant change in the opposition elements existing in any ma rket the world over. The new innovation has set off the ascent of new patterns of globalization, which has naturally expanded the progression of information in the worldwide markets. ... Because of market passage by various worldwide firms, the degree of rivalries in the worldwide markets has gone up altogether. Likewise, the ascent of rivalry in the business sectors all around the globe has brought about the procedure of increment of selection of choices for the buyers, in this manner expanding the buyer’s power. For this situation, the emphasis is on the UK based retailer Tesco. The UK based retailer Tesco has nearness in around 12 markets and has group quality of in excess of 530,000 individuals (Tesco - 1, 2013). The center motivation behind Tesco is to improve things in an incorporated way. The estimations of the organization can be connected to high commitment towards the clients, equivalent treatment alongside the emphasis on accomplishing development through production of chances and qualities for the different partners (Tesco-2, 2013). For this situation, the organization is anticipating build up a feasible technique while fundamentally assessing the right now existing procedure of the organization. Investigation and basic assessment of Tesco’s vital situation In concentrating on the basic assessment of the key situation of Tesco, it tends to be expressed that the organization in the current occasions has nearness in different landmasses like US, UK, Europe and Asia. The UK based retailer has nearness in various nations around the globe which incorporates UK, US, Lotus, Hungary, Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Kipa, Ireland, Korea, Malaysia, China and India (Tesco - 3, 2013). The arrangement of the organization involves staple, food, hardware, money related administrations, apparel, furniture, retailing of books, internet providers, programming, music downloads and DVD rental. The company’s developing piece of the pie and a solid nearness in the

Analysis of UK Adoption Law

Investigation of UK Adoption Law â€Å"Critically examine the law identifying with adoption.† Reception in this purview is â€Å"entirely the animal of statute†[1]. It was presented by the Adoption of Children Act 1926 and is as of now managed by the Adoption and Children Act 2002 (supplanting the obsolete Adoption Act 1976) which after a long time of development and section through Parliament got Royal Assent on seventh November 2002. While the fundamental rule of appropriation suffers (â€Å"the lawful procedure whereby a court unavoidably stifles the legitimate ties between a youngster and the normal guardians or watchmen and makes undifferentiated from ties between the kid and the adopters†[2]) the character of selection has changed from being dominatingly a component for the consideration of vagrants and the surrendered. Contraception, premature birth and the decrease of the disgrace of single parenthood has offered ascend to the contemporary circumstance wherein there are moderately not many â€Å"unwanted† infants and reception is most often a methods for moving youngsters who are in danger or in any case burdened by their conditions. Selection may in this manner presently be viewed as a types of social designing. The law has created to address the difficulties of this new job. In 2000, the Prime Minister pronounced the Government’s duty to modernizing reception and authorized a report from the Performance and Innovation Unit[3]. This prompted a White Paper[4] and the present enactment. The 2002 Act toughens accentuation upon the government assistance of the youngster. While s.6 of the Adoption Act 1976 required that â€Å"first consideration† be given to the need to shield and advance government assistance during adolescence, s.1 of the 2002 Act gives: â€Å"[W]henever a court or selection office is going to a choice identifying with the reception of a kid the central [emphasis supplied] consideration†¦must be the child’s government assistance, all through his life.† The Performance and Innovation Unit (Op. Cit., Executive Summary, para.6) featured the worry that â€Å"the absence of adopters is a key limitation in accomplishing an expansion in the quantity of selections and unmistakably more individuals with the correct aptitudes should be empowered and supported†. Disputably, this has prompted the capacity of unmarried couples to receive. A comparative affirmation of the changing social scene is found in the way in which present day enactment tends to transnational receptions. The â€Å"shortage of babies† and real empathy for the predicament of youngsters in poor or abusive systems had prompted an emotional increment in selections of kids from abroad offering ascend to worries that â€Å"baby-trafficking† and even deals of newborn children were happening bringing about improper positions. In like manner, the Adoption of Children from Overseas Regulations 2000 presented an exacting control system under which nearby speciali sts must be advised of the section of such a youngster into the nation inside a recommended period. The kid remains the subject of a private cultivate arrangement and therefore under the management and control of the nearby authority with the last under an obligation to research and report to the court before the conceding of a selection request. Another progression change in the advancement of reception law is to be found in the contemporary way to deal with the upkeep of contact with birth families. Generally, reception had been a mysterious procedure including the absolute severance of contact with common guardians. While the privilege of the youngster to get information on his common guardians and even, at the appointed time, look for contact has for quite some time been perceived, there has been a sign absence of a countervailing directly with respect to such guardians. Late investigations have perceived the authentic need of guardians to realize that the appropriation to which they agreed was successful[5]. Likewise, it is presently settled that selection plans ought to incorporate courses of action for keeping up joins with birth families where appropriate[6]. Regardless, a pressure remains: in spite of the fact that courts are enabled when making a reception request to reach request under s.8 of the Children Act 1989, this never happens by and by where there is obstruction from the new parents. Basically, subsequently, the continuation of contact stays in the endowment of the new parents. Additionally, an increasingly loosened up approach is taken to the issue of appropriation by family members. Generally, this had been restricted in light of the fact that family connections may get misshaped and it was viewed as that a home request would consistently be the better other option. Be that as it may, s.1(6) of the 2002 Act currently expects selection to be the better alternative and controls are acquainted proportionate with those to which â€Å"strangers† are subject. The 2002 enactment has likewise additionally built up the guideline of â€Å"freeing† for selection. This methods for taking out troubling challenges with birth guardians was first established by s.14 of the Children Act 1975 however not in certainty actualized until 1984. The 2002 Act nullifies the past liberating system and engages organizations to put youngsters for appropriation with parental assent. It is presently feasible for compelling agree to reception to be given at a beginning time and a court is currently longer required to affirm such assent before a selection request is made. The job of offices in this procedure is upgraded. The impact of agree to position for selection is practically equivalent to the creation of a consideration request: parental duty isn't quenched however its practiced can be constrained by the office. The accentuation of the new system is after guaranteeing that offices constantly complete their obligation of suitably coordinating the kid an d setting up with care that reception is the subject of a free and completely educated choice by the birth parent. An end product of this is agree to arrangement and appropriation should now be seen by a CAFCASS official (s.104). In corresponding with the advancement of reception law is the utilization and ensuing guideline of surrogacy as a methods for reducing the results of fruitlessness. Benefit making game plans for both surrogacy and selection are illicit. Reception law has a section to play in that the authorizing guardians can just get the lawful status of parent by a court request similar to those made in selections or in fact by appropriation itself. It seems inescapable that reception law will additionally create to incorporate surrogacy: there is a specific need to manage organizations in the last field in the way that selection offices are as of now controlled. In this manner appropriation law, while â€Å"a animal of statute† is a living and continually developing being, ever adjusting to the changing social conditions and mores of the occasions. Book reference Appropriation: another methodology, (2000), Cm. 5017 Cretney, S., Masson, J. Bailey-Harris, R., Principles of Family Law, (seventh Ed., 2003) Sound, B., Pearl, D., Cooke, E., Bates, P., The Family, Law and Society, Cases Materials (fifth Ed., 2002) Howe, D. Dining experience, J., Adoption, Search and Reunion (2000) Execution and Innovation Unit, Prime Minister’s survey of Adoption, July 2000, www. number-10.gov.uk/su/appropriation www.dfes.gov.uk/appropriation www.hmso.gov.uk 1 References [1] Cretney, S., Masson, J. Bailey-Harris, R., Principles of Family Law, (seventh Ed., 2003), 23-001 [2] Ibid., p.791 [3] Performance and Innovation Unit, Prime Minister’s survey of Adoption, July 2000, www. number-10.gov.uk/su/appropriation [4] Adoption: another methodology, (2000), Cm. 5017 [5] Howe, D. Dining experience, J., Adoption, Search and Reunion (2000) [6] Adoption Standards (2001) Standard A11, C4, D7

Peer-to-Peer Lending The Good, the Bad and the Unknown

Peer-to-Peer Lending The Good, the Bad and the Unknown Sometimes it can be really hard to start your own business or even expand the existing one. The reasons are many, but it mostly happens because of lack of money.Why would that be a problem, you might think? We can just go to the bank and get some loans, right?Well, not exactly. It really depends on a lot of reasons.Banks are often very reluctant when it comes to giving the loans.You have to meet a lot of requirements they set, such as to have a good credit rating, a good salary, and several other things.When all of those requirements are not met, banks often tend to reject your request for a loan, which can be very demotivating to a lot of people who intended to start their own businesses.But, don’t worry! There are other ways to get the money you need.One of those ways is peer-to-peer lending (P2P), which is a form of funding by using the internet.We are here today to show you what P2P lending is, what are its good sides, bad sides and the unknown.Without any further due, stay tun ed and let’s begin!WHAT IS PEER-TO-PEER LENDING?P2P lending is a type of lending where individuals or businesses are able to get the money directly from the lender, without the participation of any 3rd party.This system is generally very useful and very easy to use since it is mostly done through the online platforms specifically designed for this purpose.On these platforms, both borrowers and lenders are able to register and the platform allows them to communicate with each other and do business, or shall we say money trading.When it comes to specific types of loans, P2P lending has secured and unsecured loans. Most of those loans are unsecured though.Secured loans are very rare and, apart from that, they are almost always backed up by some luxuries, which makes them much harder to find.P2P lending can be considered to be an alternative funding source because it has several very distinctive characteristics, which are very useful when it comes to getting some fast and easy money f or your business. HOW DOES PEER-TO-PEER LENDING WORK?As mentioned above, the P2P lending process is very easy to memorize and follow.Everything related to getting a loan goes through the online platform specifically created for this purpose, making it very accessible wherever you are and allowing you to find the right loan for you. Source: www.quora.comAs the picture shows, it is a very straightforward process, so let’s get into more details and explain the entire system step by step.1. Registration on the PlatformBefore you start collecting coins, you will have to register on the P2P platform.There are several trustworthy platforms, so you will have to do some research on which one would be the best for you and also check if P2P lending is even allowed in your state because it is not considered legal everywhere.Once you have found the desired platform you are free to register by entering data they ask you and providing certain information that might be necessary for the process to be completed.2. Assessing the ApplicationAfter registration is completed, the platform will have to either approve or reject your application, so there will be certain requirements you will have to meet, but not as nearly strict as it is the case with banks.The platform will check your application and choose your credit rating and risk level in order for it to be able to present the right interest rate to you.Once that is completed, you will be able to see all the interest rates and loans available to you.3. Getting the Available OptionsIf your credit rating is good enough and you meet all other requirements, your application will be approved and your interest rates will be accounted for in order for you to start searching for the loan you need for your business.Comparing all the data and information you provided during your registration, the platform will determine your interest rates and by having all that in mind, it will present   to you the list of available investors or lenders in this case, from which you would be able to borrow the money you so desperately need to start your own business.4. Choosing the Right OptionOnce the platform presents all loans that are available to you at a given moment, you will have to try to find the one that suits you the most and choose it from the list.Then you will be t aken to the page where you will be able to get more information about the loan and lender.When you are satisfied enough, you can start the lending process and pick one of the loans from the list.As mentioned above, the system is very simple and everything is done electronically via P2P platform.5. PaymentsAnd lastly, once you picked your loan and started the process of getting the money, your installments and interest rate will be calculated and you will be ready to use the money.Installments are usually paid periodically, per month, depending on the type of loan and general terms.That part of the puzzle is completely the same as in banks, with the addition that interest rates are much lower in P2P system and that credit risks are way higher, especially if you are an investor looking to invest in something.Though credit risk is higher, with that also comes higher return on investment, which could be appealing to some investors who are not afraid to take risks.THE GOOD SIDE OF PEER-T O-PEER LENDINGAs with everything, there are good and bad sides of P2P lending as well.Let us first see what the advantages of this system are and why it is so popular amongst smaller businesses and individuals.1. It is Easier and FasterSince peer-to-peer lending is a form of online lending, the entire process happens on the internet, thus making every action digital action, which, of course, takes much less time to complete the entire process.Most of the time, your loan could be either rejected or approved in less than 72 hours.Apart from that, it also requires a lot less documentation in order to be completed.In general, you are asked to give your ID and related documents, bank statement and proof of salary, otherwise called salary slips. All documents should be submitted digitally.Once that is done, the next step is registering on the platform and searching for your potential creditor.When you make up your mind, the next step is contacting the lenders you are interested in.As you can see, it is a very simple method, with much fewer requirements needed, which is why it is a very popular financing method nowadays, preferred by a large number of businesses and individuals.2. Eligibility Criteria is Much LowerAnother very useful feature of peer-to-peer lending is that it is much easier to get approved than it is the case in banks.All banks have a large number of set criteria that you would have to meet in order to be eligible for getting a loan.For instance, if you have a lower salary and not so good credit score, then you shouldn’t even try to apply for a bank loan because you would get rejected immediately.However, things are different when it comes to P2P lending. Requirements are much lower, so even if your salary and credit score are lower than usual, you could be able to get a loan.Another very useful information is that if you are a person who is borrowing the money for the first time, platforms can use your social media profiles instead of asking for y our credit score.That means you can connect your social media profiles, which would, in return be checked and according to them, you would either be approved or not, thus making it easier for you to decide whether to try to take the loan or not.3. Interest Rates are LowerIt is known that interest rates for bank loans can vary from bank to bank, but the fact is that personal loans often come with a very high interest rate, which drives off a lot of people from getting the loan they so desperately need.Now, since P2P lending is not 100% secure lending, and then the interest rates are obviously much lower than in banks.That, combined with lower criteria for getting approval, means that loans received via P2P lending are much cheaper than their bank counterparts.The reason for that is higher competition between lenders, and lower loan origination fees.This is very important for people who have a lower salary and aren’t able to afford to spend a lot of money on repaying high-interest r ates and expensive loans.4. There are No Hidden Fees and ChargesIf you have ever taken the bank loan, you will probably know that getting it is neither cheap, nor easy, but rather expensive and hard.In order for the bank to process your bank loan request, you have to pay several fees, which is not stated clearly before you begin the process of getting the loan itself.And that is not all! There are hidden charges at almost every corner, which definitely makes this process even more expensive.A good thing about P2P lending is that there are no hidden fees and charges lurking at you behind every corner, so you can be relaxed when it comes to that.There are two things you need to pay, which are the registration fee and the commission on the loan, once you begin your registration.When it comes to getting the loan, you don’t have to pay anything, except for maybe the cancellation fee on some platforms, which is the usual thing.That means you can really focus on spending the money you ge t on fulfilling a real goal, instead of wasting your money on certain fees.5. There is No Penalty for Repaying the Loan Before the Stated TimeOne very tricky thing about repaying the bank loans is that it is not recommended to repay it before the maturity period, or the period the loan will end.It is the case because the bank would ask you to also pay certain charges for the premature ending of the agreement, which usually includes not so small amount of money to be paid.For some reason, giving the bank their money back earlier is not a good thing, which is probably the case because they want to collect the money from interest rates.On the other hand, online lending platforms do not charge this. You are free to repay your loan with almost no penalties.Most of the P2P platforms charge an only small nominal penalty for paying prematurely, which is not nearly as hefty sum as in banks.6. Investors Get Higher ReturnsMost of the previous advantages of P2P lending were related to people wh o want to take a loan.But what about the people who want to invest their money?Well, there are some benefits to them too!P2P lending is a relatively good place to invest your money in.The reason for that is that the return on investment (ROI) is much higher compared to other types of investment, which is a great deal for everyone who is looking to invest some money and be sure to make some more by expecting higher ROI.THE BAD SIDE OF PEER-TO-PEER LENDINGNow that we went over what are the advantages of P2P lending, let’s go a step further and check the bad sides of it.1. Small Loans OnlyThe first major disadvantage of P2P lending is that small loans are mostly allowed.Loans gotten by using P2P platforms are usually limited to $35,000, but the amount can vary from platform to platform.This amount could be considered enough for personal use and stuff, but it is nowhere near enough to satisfy the needs of entrepreneurs who intend to start their own business.Although some people might not be happy about this information, it does seem to be logical.Just imagine yourself as an investor who put their own money in P2P lending system.Though there are several verification processes, this type of lending is a bit riskier than taking a loan from the bank.Which is why it is understandable that the upper limit is so low.Though it might not be enough money to fully invest in a business, it could still be used to cover some of the expenses and be a part of a larger capital.2. Require Personal InformationMost lending platforms are not made to give money directly to small firms, but rather to individuals.That’s why when registering and asking for a loan, you have to give personal information, including certain financial statements and credit reports.Since everything is done digitally, there is always a risk of identity theft and similar issues, which is why some people are reluctant to give their personal information and register on this type of websites.This also stops smal ler firms for getting the money directly to their accounts, and sometimes people are not so keen to share their personal information just so they could get money for their business via the internet.3. Legal IssueAnd of course, there is a question of whether this type of funding is even legal?Well, in most countries yes, it is perfectly legal to use P2P lending to fund your business, but there are states that do not allow this type of funding.Why is that, you might ask? It is because this might seem like an intruder in the already set up financial system, which is true.But, we have to ask ourselves how the things would be without it.Some businesses wouldn’t be able to function properly without it and that would probably have other negative influence on the entire system.Before you decide whether you should even try to apply for P2P loans, you should probably check if the system is legal in your state, because the P2P lending map is always on a move and changing, depending on the po litical decisions.4. Decentralized NetworkThe entire P2P network system is a decentralized system, which is why it is very hard to administer and control.Since it is impossible for one person to manage the whole ship, it is almost impossible for one or a small group of people to determine the accessibility setting regarding the entire network.This opens the network to possible virus, spyware and Trojans attacks, which can all be easily transmitted through the P2P system, thus making the entire network unsafe for use.Another related fact is that it is very hard to create a general data recovery storage, where all the data would be safe in case of a breakdown.However, it is almost impossible, which means that every individual computer device should create their own backups just in case since it would be the main way to bring back your P2P data.Adding to everything, P2P network is also used for sharing a lot of copyrighted (illegal in some countries) material, such as e-books, movies, TV shows or other torrents, which increases the risk of getting a virus on your computer.5. High Credit RiskPreviously mentioned higher ROI comes with a price.Since P2P lending lowers the criteria for getting the loans, allowing people with lower salaries and lower credit ratings to take loans, which means credit risk is much higher than usual, which is understandable.Higher credit risk comes with a higher ROI, so the investors with higher risk aversion would probably not invest in P2P lending, while those who don’t have high-risk aversion would weigh their chances and risk losing their money, but getting a very good return on investment in case they win.It is a gamble, but a gamble with very nice winnings.6. There is No Insurance or Government ProtectionOne thing that glorifies banks so much is that they are functioning all together with state’s legal system, which means that they are able to offer some type of insurance and government protection to some extent in case somethin g goes wrong.When we talk about P2P lending, there is no such thing as government protection or personal insurance, since the system is all digital and, as already mentioned, due to its decentralized nature, it is very hard to control everything.This might sound bad to potential lenders, who would definitely not be happy if they would lose all the money they invested because people who borrowed the money didn’t return it.THE UNKNOWN SIDE OF PEER-TO-PEER LENDINGNow that we covered good and bad sides of P2P lending, let’s try to meet the unknown side of it and see what future could bring to this system.First of all, one very important thing to note is that the P2P lending industry was booming back in 2018.Data shows that it reached around $3 billion in the United States market only, and further rise is also expected.The problem is, that P2P lending is completely unregulated, which might cause some issues if the numbers continue to grow.Some speculate that it would be entirely poss ible that the Fed will try to act and pose certain regulations in order to prevent the further rise of the P2P market.If that happened, the entire P2P system would have to change, making the system less accessible to people who are basically the most dependent on it.That would probably lead to a large number of smaller companies going completely bankrupt and closed due to lack of funds.And that would also be a bit bad for the entire economy.CONCLUSIONNow that you know everything about P2P lending, go do some digging and decide whether you want to start that business or not, by raising enough money via this system.Or if you are an investor, check the terms and see if you are ready to invest some of your money in P2P lending, and get some nice ROI.

Resolving Conflicts in Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin in...

Resolving Conflicts in A Raisin In The Sun A mother is the heart of every home. Mothers try to maintain order within a household while encouraging creativity and idealism. In the play A Raisin In The Sun, Mother understands that her children need to form and strengthen their beliefs as they come to realize their personal aspirations. She is the head of the family around whom the conflicts arise and are resolved. After the death of her husband, Mother struggles to keep her family together by providing the support and guidance they need, and encouraging them to use good judgment and think of the family as a whole before making their decisions. As the family faces various obstacles, each seemingly more severe than the†¦show more content†¦Mother said to Walter, What you aint never understood is that I aint got nothing, dont own nothing, aint never really wanted nothing that wasnt for you. There aint nothing as precious to me ... There aint nothing worth holding on to, money, dreams, nothing else--if it means--if it means its going to destroy my boy. For these reasons, Mother bought the family a new house and put it in the name of Walters son, Travis. In other words, she made an investment in Walters future and his family. Mother saw the family falling apart and that their feelings of resentment for one another, and general discouragement in their lives, was an effect from living like sardines in their tiny dreary apartment. Walter, however, did not see it this way and felt nobody would listen to what he wanted. He wanted the same thing as his mother, to make an investment in his and his familys future, but he had his own idea of how to do it. As he tries to explain to his mother, Sometimes I can see the future stretched out in front of me--just plain as day. However, Mother knows an investment in a liquor shop is riskier than an investment in a house in the middle of a white neighborhood but is unable to convince Walter of it. In an effort to change things for the better and to show her support, Mother gives the left over money from theShow MoreRelated Resolving Conflict and Overcoming Obstacles in Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun1344 Words   |  6 PagesResolving Conflicts and Overcoming Obstacles in A Raisin In The Sun    In the play, A Raisin In The Sun, Mother tries to keep everything under control because she believes in her children and their dreams, yet understands that they still need to learn and strengthen their values as they begin to realize their own aspirations. She is the head of the family around whom the conflicts arise and are resolved. After the death of her husband, Mother struggles to keep her family together by providingRead MoreWomen in a Raisin in the Sun Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesThe Female Role in A Raisin In the Sun Joe b. Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun is the story of a struggling black family in Chicago. This story embodies Hansberrys use of strong black women, she was a realistic artist, fascinated by ordinary and real people with each one clearly and vividly drawn. In this play, Hansberry portrays courageous and revolutionary women who share struggles with each other and also with their men. Hansberry speaks loudly about the role women have played

History of Community Health Nursing Essay - 1474 Words

History of Community Nursing Matrix As long as people have existed, they needed to look after their health. As a result, the healthcare industry was born. Nurses were a vital part of that growing community. This paper will approach three different historical periods in the United States, discuss the nurse’s role in the community in regards to the major health issues of that period, how they partnered with the community to create new programs and finish with an intellectual discussion on how Jean Watson’s theory of Caring can be applied to the nurse’s role for each historical period. Period 1-- 1800s: In the early year of American settlement , female head of the family provided the care for sick in the family (Stanhope,†¦show more content†¦Nightingale’s idea of becoming a trained nurse became popular across the United States (Stanhope, Lancaster, 2008). During 1870s, the first nursing school based on Nightingale model opened in the United State s (Stanhope, Lancaster, 2008). Trained nurses in the United States started to work in private duty nursing or held the few positions in the hospital administrators or instructors (Stanhope, Lancaster, 2008). These private duty nurses only care for wealthy people and home-visiting nurses care for sick poor (Stanhope, Lancaster, 2008). The nurse’s role in this period was to provide preventive education of communicable diseases which will decrease illness (Stanhope, Lancaster, 2008). The visiting nurse did prevention campaigning through the home visit and well-baby clinics (Stanhope, Lancaster, 2008). They worked with physicians and provided selected treatment, kept records of vital signs (Stanhope, Lancaster, 2008). They also educated family members how to care for the sick member and in personal and environmental prevention measures, such as good nutrition, hygiene (Stanhope, Lancaster, 2008). In 1800s, industrial revolution helped to spread of diseases. The major hea lth care issues during this period were epidemics of smallpox, yellow fever, cholera, typhoid, typhus, tuberculosis, infant mortality, and inadequate housing and sanitation (Stanhope, Lancaster, 2008). The public health nurses or visiting nurses were partnership with differentShow MoreRelatedHistory of Public Health Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesThe History of Public Health and the Role of the Community/Public Health Nurse Walden University NURS 4010 Section 04, Family, Community, and Population-Based Care 10 / 21 / 2012 The History of Public Health and the Role of the Community/Public Health Nurse Overview Public health, a population-centered nursing had been in existence since the late 1880s under the guise of different names. 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Comparison of Public and Community Health Public and community health work simultaneously as well as separately to protect the populations of the world. Public health focuses on the health of an entire nation and community health focuses on health and wellness of various communities. The World Health Organization (WHO) believesRead MoreThe Leadership Structure Of New Zealand Health Care System Essay1736 Words   |  7 PagesThe leadership structure of New Zealand health care system has a slight modification. Later 2008, the twenty-one District Health Boards (DOB) that act as a consumer and supporter maintained in the population liable for health to ensure services are arranged effectively and efficiently for all New Zealand. District Health Board consist of seven elected members and four delegated by the Minister of Health (MOH). It requires to select board members, but the condition is to have two representatives fromRead MoreA Pioneer in the Nursing Profession, Lillian Wald Essay717 Words   |  3 Pageswas a pione er for the nursing profession as well as an advocate for many unrecognized populations in the United States. Wald was passionate about people, especially the poor and overlooked (A+E, para.2). While working with the underprivileged she concluded that she could be doing more. During her nursing career she established many programs and reformed society in countless ways. Wald is mostly recognized for her pioneering in public health nursing, but she impacted nursing as a whole in a wayRead MorePublic Health Nursing History1148 Words   |  5 PagesVisiting home health nurses are a well-known profession and becoming more popular as time grows. The service of public health nursing was carried out on the frontier by nurses under the name of â€Å"Visiting nurse services† which were part of the late 19th century health reform out of ‘The Henry Street House’ in 1893, as discussed in the film â€Å"Nursing in America – A History of Social Reform†. They held many roles outside of nursing, those roles and missions and struggles will be discussed. The HenryRead MoreLeadership Structure Of New Zealand Health Care System Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership structure of New Zealand health care system has a slight modification. Later 2008, the twenty-one District Health Boards (DOB) that act as a consumer and supporter maintained for the population liable for health to ensure services are arrange effectively and efficiently for all New Zealand. District Health Board consist of seven elected members and four delegated by the Minister of Health (MOH). It requires to select board members, but the condition is to have two representative from MaoriRead MoreNursing And Public Health Nursing1537 Words   |  7 PagesName three historical nursing leaders and explain how their contributions impacted community/public health nursing. When it comes to nursing, there have been and are a number of individuals that have made a difference in nursing and have made a positive impact on nursing itself. Some of these impacts are still around and used today. There were a number of nurses who made a positive impact and made a difference in the lives of others and have saved lives as well. Without these nurses, hospitals and

The Negitive Effects of Tobacco Essay - 1330 Words

Drugs are generally recognized as of the greatest problems in the United States. According to the statistics, tobacco has the highest death rate. Smoking is a very popular habit, even though we all know that smoking is very dangerous. Millions of people around the globe want to quit smoking for medical reasons such as having already two heart-valve replacement surgeries. By now, almost everyone knows that smoking and other tobacco use causes cancer. But it can also cause may more problems. When you smoke tobacco, the effects on your body are immediate. Your pulse increases. Breathing becomes faster and more shallow. Circulation begins to drop. Poisonous compounds like carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide and ammonia gas enter your†¦show more content†¦They become large and hard, and lose their ability to exchange air. With damaged air sacs, you cannot get enough air to breathe, and always feel that you cannot catch your breath. Emphysema is a very serious disease. It takes yea rs to develop, but its damage cannot be undone. The disease can be caused by any substance in the lungs, which causes irritation and swelling. Cigarette smoke is the most common cause of this disease as cigarette smoke contains acidic and irritant substances. Substances in cigarettes irritate the walls of the throat and the bronchial tubes. Mucus is produced which clogs up the respiratory passages. This makes breathing difficult and leads to a â€Å"smokers cough†. Very often, the bronchial tubes become infected and the disease lasts a long time instead of clearing up in a few days. Without treatment, bronchitis will seriously weaken your lungs. The only chance your lungs have to fully recover is for you to stop putting cigarette smoke into them. Is smoking really worth losing your breath? Smoking cigarettes and marijuana are closely related. Research shows that youth who smoke cigarettes are fourteen times more likely to try marijuana as those who dont. With regular use of tobacco, levels of nicotine accumulate in the body during the day and persist overnight thus exposing daily smokers to the effects of nicotine for 24 hours each day. There are long-term hazards. In addition to nicotine, cigarette smoke is primarily

Communication Channels free essay sample

Communication Channels HealthCare Communication Strategies HCS 320/AGHC1008B Adrian S. Arnold, MSM, BSN, RN University of Phoenix, Augusta Campus Team B: Sonya Chishom, Christine LaFauci, Shanta Searles and Natissa Whitehead February 25, 2009 Introduction Communication levels can be similar yet different in hospital settings versus specialty clinic office settings. In both organizations the standard communication channels that are used includes faxing, emails, referrals, telecommunication, and face to face consultation to name some. The business of health care today is a delicate performance of balancing affairs, patients are seeking lower cost and effective communication and the organizations are seeking newer communication technology to maximize the quality of care that are given to the patients and organization. Communication Channels Similarities In the occupation where this writer works we are a large scale hospital, East Central Regional Hospital (ECRH) communication is a vital entity in how we operate daily. The way language is communicated could be a life or death situation because with deal with human beings lively hood. We will write a custom essay sample on Communication Channels or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Telecommunications in the hospital settings are used to communicate between workers to ensure the correct medical terminology and findings are interpreted properly. In specialty clinic telecommunication are used for the same process. Faxing at ECRH are for receiving and transmitting vital medical or policy driven information that are needed to update individuals that are effected by the changes. Team members that work in specialty clinic stated that faxing is where the clinic received and send medical information about patients to other clinic or get the information themselves to proceed with procedures that needs to be performed. Another source of communication channels that ECRH and specialty clinics have are intra and internet. The intranet in both organizations are use to communicate inter-departmental. The internets are used in both organizations to response to outside agencies dealing with returning messages, or obtaining pertinent information that are required. Finally we have face to face consultation are used to related information through meetings that needs to reach a large group of individuals or individuals to ensure information are relayed accurately. Communication Channels Differences How communication levels difference from a large scale hospital versus specialty clinics are in the smaller settings will be on a more personal level with constant and instant communication daily. Whereas a large scale hospital setting you make not have the personal level of communication because the amount of patient care that is required. Large scales hospital gives the quality of care that is require, but you can not spend as much time as a smaller setting clinics can. At ECRH even though email, faxes, telecommunication, and intra and internets are used a longer wait time for response are frequently. Whereas clinics the individual received information back instant or within a couple of days. Depending on what information are needed within the hospital from outside agencies you tends to deal with delays and inconsistencies with information that are acquired. Conclusion Communications within the workplaces are on brink of new era, filled with exciting changes (www. toshibabusiness. com). One era of changes that can make hospital setting and clinics run smoother are the new Tablet PC’s. As health care delivery evolve, it is critically important that technology evolve also (www. toshibabusiness. com). Some benefits of the Tablet PC’s have are single data entries with having a transcript. Patients can be served faster and reduces errors hopefully will save money. Privacy, patient information will be read and written with secure data. Finally clear display of information promotes meaningful medical dialogue and helps patients better understand the condition. Individuals in workplaces can improve communication skills by taking classes and updating themselves on the latest procedures that are going on within the workplace. References Coiera, Enrico, Tombs, Vanessa, and Gosbee. Communication behaviours in a hospital setting: An observational study. February 28, 1998. BMJ 316: pgs 673-676. Retrieved February 20, 2009 Proquest http://wwwbmj. com/cgi/content/abstract/316/7132/673 Tablet PC: Making and Impact in Hospitals and Doctors’ Offices. (2006) Toshiba America Information Systems, Inc. Retrieved February 20, 2009. www. toshibabbusiness. com

Career Choices Essays - Applied Psychology, Behavioural Sciences

Career Choices CAREER RESEARCH PROJECT Up until recently I did not know what I wanted to do with my life. I was going to school but I really had no idea what I wanted to study. Recently, after contemplating multiple career choices, I have decided that I want to become a psychologist. Psychologists study the human mind and human behavior. Like other scientists, psychologists make hypothesis and then perform experiments to test these assumptions. Their research methods may differ depending on what topic they are studying. There are numerous research methods in which psychologists gather their data. Sometimes they gather information through controlled laboratory experiments. Psychologists also administer personality, performance, aptitude and intelligence tests. Other methods include observation, interviews, questionnaires, clinical studies and surveys. Psychologists use their knowledge in a wide variety of settings including health and human services, management, education, law and sports. In addition to the variety of work settings, psychologists usually specialize in a single aspect of their growing field. Some types of psychologists include clinical, counseling, school, industrial, developmental, social and experimental or research psychologists. There are two categories of psychology that I am interested in, they are clinical and industrial. Clinical psychology is a branch of psychology that deals with applying research findings in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. Clinical psychologists classify their work under three major headings: assessment, treatment and research. In assessment, they give and interpret psychological tests. These tests are given to determine the patients intelligence or to determine their mental characteristics. Another way to determine these characteristics is in an interview, where the psychologist questions and interacts with the patients. For the treatment stage the psychologist may use several types of psychotherapy. Lately psychologists have been concentrating on the electric approach but there is also behavior therapy, group therapy and psychoanalysis. Research is an important aspect to most psychologists. Clinical psychologists are often participants in research projects that have a bearing on mental-health care. A doctoral degree is usually required to be a licensed clinical psychologist. Areas of specialization within clinical psychology include health psychology, neuropsychology and geropsychology. Health psychologists promote good health through counseling programs designed to help people achieve goals such as to stop smoking or lose weight. Neuropsychologists studt the relation between the brain and behavior. Geropsychologists deal with the special problems faced by the elderly. The growth of these specialities reflect the growing need for psychologists that deal with particular situations and conditions. Industrial psychology is the application of various psychological techniques to the workplace and industry. These techniques can be in the form of job analysis and performance appraisals. It relates to the efficiency of the organization through appropriate use of their human resources. Organizational psychology goes hand in hand with industrial psychology. Organizational focuses on the development and understanding of people in the organization. Psychologists in this field advise businesses and organizations on the selection of workers and how to promote efficient working conditions. Also how to boost morale, productivity, and job satisfaction. Industrial-Organizational psychology (I-O psychology) was first developed in the US and became prominent during World War II, when it became necessary to recruit and train the large number of workers who were needed to meet the expanding economy. An I-O psychologist might work with management to reorganize the work environment to improve productivity or the quality of life in the workplace. They frequently act as concultants, brought in by the management in order to solve a particular problem. As opposed to other fields of psychology, a person only need s a masters degree to become an I-O psychologist. A psychologists working conditions are determined by their specialty and the environment they work in. Clinical, school and counseling psychologists mostly have private practices and set their own hours. However, they often have to work nights and weekends to accommodate their patients. Psychologists that are employed in hospitals and other health facilities work in shifts while those that work in clinics keep normal hours. Increasingly, many psychologists now work in teams. These teams are composed of other psychologists and some professionals. They use these groups for research or strictly for consulting. Travel is also a part of a psychologists working condition. They often have to travel around the country to attend different seminars and conduct research. An important fact to note is that one half of all psychologists are self-employed. This statistic is about five times the average for a professional worker. Educational institutions employed the greatest number of psychologists, four out of ten. The next highest number was in health

The eNotes Blog The Best Book I Read LastYear

The Best Book I Read LastYear Looking for a good read to begin 2014 right? We have some recommendations for you!  Heres a list of staff members favorite picks from a year of reading. We hope it inspires you when creating your list for 2014. Clearly the editors, interns, marketing staff and others behind are a mixed bunch, with high-brow, chick lit, and even photography manuals between us. Check out our reads and let us know whats on your list in a comment below. Gone Girl This huge bestseller was probably on many readers lists for 2013, with its spellbinding plot and really, pretty horrifying characters. It had me compulsively turning its pages, making Gillian Flynns dark thriller easily a one-weekend-read. Warning: dont pick it up without a bit of time on your hands; you wont want to put it down without solving the mystery of Amy Dunnes disappearance. Infinite Jest One of co-founders selected a throwback for his 2013 pick: David Foster Wallaces 1996 novel  Infinite Jest. The book is set in a futuristic society of North America and has inspired some polarizing opinions from readers for its complex plot, but it has to be admired for its influence over the past two decades of fiction. If youre looking for a challenging, important read, look no further. The Age of Miracles The Age of Miracles is the captivating imagining of what would happen to our world should Earth gradually cease to spin. The ensuing apocalypse is a slow and torturous one, wreaking havoc on both the natural world and the formerly normal teenage life of its main character. If youre looking for YA fiction with truly poetic prose, this is your read. Speedliters Handbook: Learning to Craft Light with Canon Speedlites So, our managing editor is a bit of a photography nut. If you are too we suggest you pick up the Speedliters Handbook. Itll teach you all kinds of things about Canon Speedlites. The rest of us have no idea what those are, but hey, look at the cover shot! Thats good, right? Art as Therapy Into philosophy? Weve got a high-brow selection for you with Alain de Botton and John Armstrongs  Art as Therapy. The philosopher and art historian duo explore the purpose of art and specifically of masterpieces, suggesting that they can be useful, relevant, and above all else therapeutic for their viewers. Finally, walk into a museum and get the art! Bridget Jones: Mad About the Boy And onto the lists most controversial choice: Helen Fieldings latest installment of Bridget Jones Diary. I know, I know, Darcys dead (sacrilege!) but I challenge you not to smile at Bridgets encounters with Twitter, toyboys, head lice and heartache. Just dont be a buzzkill and compare it to Bridgets debut. On its own the novel is really v.g. The Sense of an Ending editorial intern Tylers choice for his best 2013 read is Julian Barnes 2011 novel The Sense of an Ending. Sitting at only 150 pages, the Man Booker prize-winning novel is a quick but important read. It centers on the life of Tony Webster, who recounts his youth and tries to make sense once and for all of the suicide of his schoolboy friend Adrian. The title of the book is pulled from a literary theory book that concerns making sense of the ways we try to make sense of our lives. Vivian Maier Street Photographer Vivian Maier was one of the talented few in street photography who captured all facets of humanity in her expertly shot portraits: the humorous, beautiful, and often heartbreaking scenes of city life following WWII.  But until just a few years ago, nobody had seen any of her work. The full-time nanny had no formal training in photography, and though she passionately, compulsively shot photographs into the 90s, she never shared them with anyone. This 2011 collection of more than 100 of her best prints is a fascinating read for any photography admirer. The Kitchen Counter Cooking School Another of our editorial interns, Katie, recommends this unique spin on a cooking book: Flinns book was really interesting because  it demonstrated just how transformative learning to cook can be. She takes on a group of women and visits their homes and takes inventory of their kitchens, interviewing them about why they would like to cook. Then she does a series of classes with all of them and once they finish, she does a follow up visit a few months later to see how the experience had changed them.  Really interesting and inspiring, plus lots of good recipes! The Cairo Codex Again from Katie, Lamberts book is very provocative. Its reminiscent of Dan Browns books, but her protagonist is a female anthropologist who discovers an ancient codex that seems to have been written by a member of the Holy Family. Ive always been fascinated by Egypt and its culture, and thats where the book is set. The book really keeps you on your toes.  Im excited because its the first in a trilogy. So, whats up on the list for 2014? For me its the enticing  The Light Between Oceans  and Eleanor Cattons Booker prize-winning The Luminaries  (to start). What will you be reading this year? Happy New Year from the gang at

Human Resource (Supporting Organizational Strategies) Assignment

Human Resource (Supporting Organizational Strategies) - Assignment Example American Airlines and Southwest Airlines have taken different approaches to the way each organization handled on-time flights. The culture he describes in American Airlines is one of fear, promoting blame amongst the employees. Leaders demand to know who is responsible for the problem, focusing on accountability instead of the true causes (Pfeffer, 2005). On the other hand, Southwest Airlines is described as breeding a culture of accountability, but from a different perspective than that of American Airlines. Rather than focusing on the individual or group of people who have caused the delay, they make it a point to promote the fact that delays are everyone’s responsible; supporting the mind-set that the organization is a team. Thus, Pfeffer (2005) describes Southwest Airlines as having greater success in its approach, working to find solutions rather than the person or department to blame the problem on. Managing a company’s culture has been proven to be at the root of its successes, and failures (Pfeffer, 2005). While accountability is extremely important in business, who is being held accountable is even more critical. As can be seen in the American Airlines example discussed, the blame-game can transform a well-meaning system into a useless chain of finger-pointing in a hurry. Then, the focus is on finding out who is responsible for the problem, rather than how it happened, to try and avoid it in the future; hence, Pfeffer’s emphasis on changing leader mind-sets to change the culture. key source of competitive advantage,† there is another responsibility, just as crucial to overall business success, that Human Resources (HR) must consider (Pfeffer, 2005, p. 127). Pfeffer (2005) suggests the diagnosis of changes to be made in regard to the mind-set of an organization is one of the most important, yet most underestimated tasks the HR team will

American Women Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American Women - Personal Statement Example When the men went to war the women would manage the farm or the shop. It was accepted then that women did not need to be educated and so emphasis was only placed on educating males. The women were represented by their husbands or their fathers in public affairs. Once they got married they lost the right to property. Today, with the industrial revolution and other changes that have taken place since the 19780’s the family unit is less cohesive and stable as their survival is no longer dependent on the family farm. Women are now free to vote, to attend college and to work outside the home. They no longer live on farms but in suburban communities. Women are now seen as equal to men and being able to take up positions in business and politics where they help to make decisions. . Part 2 How have women’s roles changed from the 1950’s to the 21st century? What impact has the media had on these changes? The roles of women have changed from being the homemaker – co oking and cleaning to taking up careers outside of the home in politics, medicine and law. Women are now focused on education and jobs. Their lifestyles have changed along with the family structure. According to Francis (2007) in 2003 there were 1.35 females to every male who graduated from a four year college.

Misuse Of Opiates Health And Social Care Essay

Misuse Of Opiates Health And Social Care Essay The misuse and abuse of illicit and prescription opiates is a growing problem in the United States. Even though Americans make up less than 5 percent of the worlds population, we consume close to 100% of the worlds supply of hydrocodone and nearly 80% of the worlds supply of legal and illegal opiates . Because of the vast availability of drugs and its impact on many facets of healthcare and the economy, it is imperative that health care providers and policy makers understand what drugs are being abused, who uses these drugs, where the drugs come from, and the health and economic burden on the United States. It is becoming exceedingly important for those directly involved with substance abusers to understand the physiological consequences, psychosocial consequences and withdrawal consequences of drugs. Opiates and opiate derivatives in particular, whether illicit (such as heroin) or prescription (such as Oxycontin) are being heavily abused across the country. These drugs can have serious health implications during use and during abrupt cessation (detoxification or withdrawal). This paper will present a review of the literature on the epidemic of heroin and prescription opiate abuse. Through a critical review, concepts such as the prevalence of the problem, the physiologic consequences of abuse, the current trends in management of the problem and implications for nursing and healthcare will be explored. Background Before proceeding, it is important to briefly discuss the basic pharmacology of opiate drugs. Opiates, otherwise known as narcotics, include the drugs heroin, morphine, codeine, oxycontin, hydrocodone, methadone and other chemically-related derivatives. All opiates are considered dispensable only by prescription in the United States with the exception of heroin, which is illegal in all circumstances. Opiates wield their effects by activating pleasure centers in the brain. The neurobiochemical model of addiction suggests that over time, the brains chemistry changes so that it yearns for the substance when it is not there and can produce physiologic effects of withdrawal when stopped. Heroin for example, which is chemically-related to morphine (the chemical name for heroin is diamorphine) readily crosses the blood-brain barrier to cause a rapid spilling of dopamine into the dopaminergic receptors of the brains neurons. For this reason, the drug is easily addictive and absence of the dr ug causes a sensation of craving and can cause feelings of illness, such as nausea and diarrhea, when stopped abruptly. . Prevalence of the Problem Several researchers in the nursing, allied health and economics disciplines have explored and discussed the prevalence of prescription opiate abuse and hypotheses of the origin of the problem. However, there is a large gap in the literature related to the prevalence of illicit drug abuse (heroin) among different populations. The prevalence data for heroin abuse in the US is largely reported by national survey trends, such as the National Institute of Drug Abuse (part of the National Institutes of Health) Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Even so, the massive survey document pays little attention to the problem of heroin abuse and reports only two percent of the 67,500 survey respondents using heroin in the month preceding the survey (National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009). The etiology of prescription drug misuse and abuse is discussed more heavily in the literature than is heroin abuse. According to the NSDUH, in 2009 4.8% of the survey respondents aged 12 and older reported using prescription opiates for non-medical reasons. Of those, over 55% reported obtaining the drug for free from a friend or relative, and 4.8% reported purchasing the drug from a dealer on the streets (National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009). Researchers at Columbia University surveyed adolescents aged 12 to 17 in 2005 and found that 9.3% reported the misuse of prescription opiates over the past month. In exploring the adolescents motives for abuse, the researchers found that the most commonly reported motives were ease of attainment and affordability . Among young adult college students, prevalence of non-medical prescription opiate abuse has been reported between seven and nine percent in the past month to twelve to fourteen percent lifetime prevalence . One of the most at-risk groups for misuse of and addiction to prescription opiates is the chronic pain population. When used appropriately, opiate pain medications are a gold standard of care for serious pain-related conditions (such as post-operative pain, neuropathic pain and so on). In an effort to better manage pain, the number of prescriptions for opiate medications increased 154% in the ten-year period from 1992 to 2002, even though the population of the United States increased by only 13% . Although prescription opiates have been used to treat pain and improve the quality of life among acute and chronic pain patients, the advent of the drugs misuse has led to a wide body of literature on prescriptive practices and monitoring of opiate drugs. There delicate balance between managing pain adequately and the risk for misuse, addiction and diversion has been discussed in the literature recently, largely among the adolescent/young adult and chronic pain populations. Although there is a general lack in the literature of the number of people prescribed opiates for chronic pain . There is a large body of literature which suggests that the increased number of prescription opiates for chronic pain patients has contributed significantly to the drug abuse problem. In studies to investigate the use of prescription opiates for chronic pain, it has been found that pain treatment plans are sparse, good documentation on the patients health history and history of substance abuse is rare, and opiates are sometimes improperly utilized or not indicated at all . Health Consequences of Opiate Abuse Both prescription and illicit opiates have the potential to exert a myriad of acute and chronic negative health effects for the user. Neurological decline, vision changes, cardiac abnormalities, vascular complications, pulmonary disorders and mortality have been studied and reported. In a study of over 500 opiate addicts, electrocardiographic changes were documented in 61% of the sample. These ECG changes included ST-segment elevation, which may indicate ischemic heart damage (or lack of oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium) and QTc prolongation (seen mostly with methadone addicts). Prolonged QTc intervals may lead to inappropriate triggering of the ventricles and may lead to potentially lethal ventricular tachycardia . The use of heroin and other drugs by injection with non-sterile or reused needles may produce powerful toxins in the bloodstream leading to endocarditis, left ventricular hemorrhage and death. Researchers in Ireland reviewed the autopsy findings from eight cases of heroin users and found rapid fatal illness caused by the endotoxin Clostridium novyi which caused fatal subendocardial hemorrhage, spleen enlargement and pulmonary edema in all of the subjects studied . Heroin can cause significant acute peripheral and central nervous system complications such as neuropathy and hearing loss. In a study six of intravenous and intranasal heroin users admitted to the hospital for acute illness, five had documented rhabdomyolysis between three and 36 hours after administration of the drug. In each of the five cases, there was no documented trauma. Typically rhabdomyolysis occurs after a traumatic, compression-type injury where enzymes spill into the musculature and cause rapid neurological decline, loss of muscle tone and coma. In each of the subjects studied, no trauma or compression injury occurred . In a group of patients with a reported history of speedballing (or mixing heroin and cocaine), 2 of the 16 studied experienced sudden, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss four hours after speedballing which resolved within three days. One additional participant experienced sudden hearing loss after speedballing but unilaterally. The mechanism by which th e hearing loss occurred was described as a possible cochlear toxicity or autoimmune reaction related directly to the drugs . Injection of drugs of any type can cause vascular complications, skin and soft tissue infections and infectious diseases such as hepatitis and HIV . In the most severe cases, opiate abuse may lead to death, generally from overdose. Heroin has been related to 1.65 deaths per 100,000 people in the Florida population alone over the last decade and in Alabama between 1986 and 2003, a review of medical examiners reports revealed those whos cause of sudden death was undermined were 5.3 times more likely to have a history of drug abuse . Researchers in the United Kingdom have further investigated heroin deaths and concluded that overdose related to heroin rarely occurs after the use of heroin alone- in 50% of the cases they reviewed, alcohol was also involved . Although studies have been published on the health effects of abuse itself, a review of nursing, medical and allied health literature shows a significant lack of studies on the health consequences of withdrawal (abrupt cessation) of opiate drugs. Several studies have been found relating to the use of pharmacotherapy to treat opiate addiction (such as methadone and similar programs) but no studies have explored the physiologic effects of withdrawal without medication assistance. Searching online databases for relevant articles on opiate withdrawal does not yield any studies other than those using medication-assisted withdrawal therapies (such as methadone and buprenorphine). This is important to populations such as inmates in a correctional facility where pharmacotherapy is not generally used during detoxification and requires further attention . In sum, the potential health-related consequences of opiate abuse can negatively affect a myriad of body systems. The risk of potentially fatal infectious disease, neurological and cardiovascular complications and death by overdose creates a public health problem that demands attention. Health care providers in all arenas must be able to rapidly and appropriately identify those at risk. Implications for Advanced Nursing Practice Nurse practitioners are allowed prescriptive authority in almost any state across the country. Depending on the practice setting, they may prescribe opiates to treat pain. Opiates are the gold standard for treating moderate to severe pain in both acute and chronic pain syndromes . There has been some discourse in the literature on the dilemma to treat or not to treat pain with opiates. On the one hand, effective pain management is not only ethical but also opiates are effective for many patients for pain management and on the other hand there is a fear of misuse, dependence and addiction issues . The ability for advanced practice nurses to identify drug-seeking behavior, issues with addiction and possible diversion of opiates is crucial to the problem of opiate abuse. As it has been documented in the literature, diversion of prescription opiates generally occurs with the patient selling, trading or giving away the medication to another. According to Annie Gerhardt, emergency room nu rse practitioner, drug seekers become victims of their own disease, becoming involved in a tangled web of addiction, drug-seeking, drug diversion and criminal behavior that escalates over time with increased drug use . Gerhardt (2004) suggests monitoring patients treated with opiates for refilling meds before their follow up appointments, patient reports of losing medications, attempting to see different providers for pain medications (which can usually be identified by pharmacies), and scamming providers for more medications by complimenting the provider or the office staff or displaying increased levels of pain in order to procure more medication. When prescribing opiates to treat pain in patients already known to have addiction issues, using sustained-released formulations may reduce dependency while adequately treating pain. Sustained-release formulations usually have a reduced street value and are less likely to be sold and diverted, and the withdrawal from sustained-release op iates is typically not as severe . In terms of advanced practice nursing, prescribers have the unique ability to screen for potential addiction issues, monitor those who are prescribed addictive medications and potentially control diversion of those medications to others for whom they are not prescribed. Ultimately, the knowledge of drugs of abuse and health-related consequences is important for nurses at all levels to possess. Implications for Research To further add to the body of literature on the subject of opiate drug abuse, addiction and withdrawal, several areas still need to be explored. First, patterns of drug use in individual populations and communities should be investigated. The types of drugs most commonly used, the routes of administration of these drugs and their negative health-related consequences should be studied in a variety of communities, both urban and rural, to gain a better understanding of the patterns of use across the country. More research is needed beyond simple prevalence studies on the number of people who use to expand on the actual patterns of abuse. Similarly, the psychosocial consequence of drug use across different populations needs further investigation in order to articulate the negative impact on individuals and communities. Because the abrupt cessation of opiate drugs without medication assistance occurs frequently in specific settings, more research needs to be done on the physiological effects of non-assisted detoxification. The patterns of symptoms of withdrawal and negative health effects among populations such as the incarcerated and the hospitalized need to be explored. The potential for the development of evidence-based protocols for the management of abuse and withdrawal in these settings can occur once the patterns of symptoms and health consequences are documented. Conclusion In sum, the problem of drug abuse (which extends far beyond even opiate drugs) has been reported in multiple sources, and prevalence studies seem rampant in the literature. However, much more work needs to be done on the consequences of drug abuse from a healthcare perspective across a variety of populations in different settings to begin to understand the impact of drugs on communities.

Examining Historical Document of the Pinkerton National Detective Agenc

Butch Cassidy and his gang of outlaws have had a profound effect on America during the late 1800s. Because of this infamous â€Å"Wild Bunch,† the famous Pinkerton National Detective Agency produced many wanted ads for these criminals. One of these timeless works was made by the Pinkerton Agency and ended up in the hands of my college's library. This piece of historical literature dates back to about hundred years ago which has descriptions of each of Butch Cassidy and others who rode with him on his adventurous, risk taking journeys around the country. This antique piece of paper is very significant for it’s time period and is in still decent shape. Other than some tears around the corners, you can still read the entire page without a problem. This document has aged well, but still has changed its color to a brownish-beige. It also looks as if it was in either a book or a newspaper made to notify Americans of the crazed outlaws on the loose. A printing press was used to make this notification for the Pinkerton Agency, which was an astounding invention of its time to speed up the process of getting newspapers out to the public. To track down the famed â€Å"Wild Bunch,† the Pinkertons set this document with detailed descriptions of each outlaw with their picture and name underneath it. This particular antique was produced on Opera House Block in Denver Colorado. With the Pinkerton’s report, this helped catch some of the most vicious outlaws of their time. There were many men in the gang that terrorized the wes tern frontier, but the most notorious six were named and described on the document. George Parker, Harry Longbaugh, Camilla Hanks, Harvey Logan, Ben Page 2 Kilpatrick, and William Carver were all mentioned with their... ...y stole $97.00. Another important name mentioned was Ben Kilpatrick who was a native Texan, but eventually Page 5 left home and ventured into Wyoming and Utah. This is where he met Elzy Lay, who was a good friend of Butch Cassidy. Lastly, was William Carver who was also a native Texan who went by the name â€Å"B.L.† Carver. He began his life working on a ranch as a cowboy, but soon turned to the malicious ways of Butch Cassidy. He met Butch Cassidy while at a hideout called the Robbers Roost in Utah and rode with them until his death in 1901. In conclusion, this reckless group of men were constantly a focal point of their capture by the famous Pinkerton National Detective Agency during the late 18th century. With this piece of profound literature, we know a little more about our past and what it was like for these men during the time of the old wild west.

Analysis of Customer Service Problem of Best Buy

Introduction Overview of the task The task of this essay is to have a research in person to pay a visit on Best Buy to discover its potential marketing problem, anticipate the consequences and provides potential solution to this problem, which from my perspective, is bad customer service. Purpose and structure of the essay The purpose of this essay is to explore the potential marketing problem of Best Buy to provide solutions to its problem.In order to make the essay more complete, this essay will first start with the brief introduction of the Best Buy, and then a personal experience of visiting the Best Buy shop will be displayed to have an analysis of the potential problem- bad customer service. What to follow is the anticipation and analysis of the potential influence and consequence of the problem. Subsequently, solutions and recommendation will be put out to tackle the problem. Brief Introduction of the Best BuyBest Buy is a giant retailer of entertainment and technology product s and services with operations in the multiple countries- United States, China, Europe, Canada and Mexico. The Best Buy generates more than 45 billion dollars annual revenue through brands family and partnerships such as Magnolia Audio Video; Audiovisions; Best Buy; Future Shop; Geek Squad The Car phone Warehouse; Napster; Jiangsu Five Star; Pacific Sales; The Phone House; and Speakeasy.The company is made up by about 155,000 employees who have applied their capabilities to bring benefit to the company and added value to customers through various means, for example, online communities, call centers, in-home solutions, retail locations, and websites, and product delivery. Problem of the company On March 29, 2012, the earning news released by the Best Buy which is lower than expected has revealed the trouble of this giant electronics retailer. It is said that Best buy is going to fire four hundred employees and ended up to fifty stores.Best buy, the last standing electronics blames it s difficulties on fierce online competition, for example with Amazon. com. It says that Amazon keeps stealing its business with lower price due to its sales tax free (The Crossing of Marketing and IT, 2012). One joke even goes that Best Buy and Wall-mart have became the showroom for the Amazon. What show rooming means? It means that customers walk in to a Best Buy / Wall-mart/ Sears with the only purpose to check out the real product and compare the prices with the online prices so as to buy a product in other places with cheaper price.This is the dilemma and big problem for most of the brick and mortar retailers like Best Buy. The show rooming and price competition with online-stores should take most part of the duty for the declining profit problem of Best Buy. But it is from my perspective that the failure of Best Buy is a self-inflicted woes rather than an external hurt due to its bad customer service. The much-publicized Christmas fault of Best Buy has exposed the customer serv ice problem. Three days before Christmas last year, Best Buy informed 30,000 awaiting customers of cancelled order due to â€Å"a combination of software and process issues† (24kmarketing, 2012).There is no need to say that such kind of fault will kill any types of retailers. To make things worse, it took approximately three weeks for CEO of Best Buy – Brian Dunn to make an apology for this event, which has added the oil on the flame of fury of customers. The consequence is evident with shares of Best Buy falling by 34% to about $30, Since Thanksgiving. On June 14, Best Buy also announced earnings of 35 cents a share which is a penny lower than last year (Alpha, 2012). What’s more, my last experience of visiting the Best Buy shop has given more proof of it customer service problem.Last week, I went to one of the stores of Best Buy, when I was looking for the things I wanted, the salesperson keeps roaming around me and kept fixed eyes on me which made me quite un pleasant. After a while, he asked me about my needs, however, the guy just knew nothing about the things I want and started to sell other electronics products to me. However, what I want is just some blu-ray dics. Bothering by the upsetting and annoying salesperson, I just grabbed one of the blu-ray discs. But after going home, I found that I have already got this disc and returned to ask for changing the disc.The troublesome procedure and bad attitude of staff really made me furious. Apart from the up-selling and cross-selling, what I cannot put up with is the erosion of my privacy, questions like how much is your salary is really impolite. The hawking clumsy salesperson is the tip of the problem iceberg and just scratch the surface of the problem, what should be laid emphasis is the customer service and after-sales service quality. Potential consequence of the problem The company has reported a 1. 7% decline in it total sales and profit margins last year.Consumers come down to the store will have high interaction with the salespersons and in-store staff (Forbes, 2012). The attitude and service quality is the cornerstone of the success. Non-savvy consumers need the help to learn more product and handling before purchase. If Best Buy cannot differentiate itself and make full use of the advantages of its retail stores, Best Buy is destined to follow the way of dinosaur. Below chart illustrates that the consequence will be like in a few years if Best Buy is unable to change customers ‘perception and values towards it.Best Buy cannot forget the lesson of Circuit City which closed its big boxes in 2009 (Alpha, 2012). CNBC Financial Data: Solution to the problem Solutions that can be provided to the Best Buy are as follows. First and foremost, improve customer service quality through systematic plan and training. It is suggested experts in this field should be hired to make a throughout improvement plan for this company, ranging from standard speech and the a fter-sales service standard (Harvard Business Review, 2010). Secondly, make full use of the interaction in the stores with customers to change the perception of customers.In this part, the attitude the promotion is the key to success. Thirdly, with fierce competition, Best Buy should improve its inventory system and internet technologies in this field. The Christmas mistakes cannot happen again. Fourthly, close some big store and change its focus to the online competition. Reference Alpha, S. (2012). Best Buy: the Writing Is on the Wall. Retrieved from http://seekingalpha. com/article/343721-best-buy-the-writing-is-on-the-wall Forbes, S. (2012). Why Best Buy is going out of Business†¦ Gradually. Retrieved from http://www. orbes. com/fdc/welcome_mjx. shtml Harvard Business Review. (2010). Inside Best Buy's Customer-Centric Strategy. Retrieved from http://blogs. hbr. org/hbsfaculty/2010/04/inside-best-buys-customer-cent. html The Crossing of Marketing and IT. (2012). What is Best Buy’s Real Problem. Retrieved from http://www. crossingmarketingandit. com/marketing-2/general-marketing/best-buys-problem/ 24kmarketing. (2012). Best Buy Problems Signal Need for New Retail Formats. Retrieved from http://24kmarketing. com/2012/03/best-buy-problems-signal-need-for-new. html

Overview of the NCAA Summit League